Rh tertiary auditory cortex function1/9/2024 ![]() Diagrammatic Longitudinal Section of the Cochlea). The cochlea has 3 chambers: the scala tympani, scala vestibuli, and scala media (see Image. The cochlea spirals 2½ turns around a central pillar, the modiolus. Perilymph is the fluid inside the cochlea. ![]() The vestibule is a compartment connected to the cochlea on one side and the semicircular canals on the other (see Image. The oval window is the gateway to the inner ear's vestibule. The 3 ossicles convey the tympanic membrane movements to the oval (vestibular) window. These 3 middle ear bones also serve as sound amplifiers and impedance-matching tools when sound moves from the air-filled middle ear to the fluid (perilymph) in contact with the oval window (see Image. Contact with sound waves causes tympanic membrane movement, initiating vibrations of the middle ear's small bones (ossicles), the malleus, incus, and stapes. Sound waves reach the outer ear and travel down the external acoustic meatus to reach the tympanic membrane, aka the eardrum. Sound frequency is the number of compression-rarefaction cycle repetitions within a given time interval, measured in Hertz (Hz) or number of cycles per second. Humans typically hear within the 20-20,000 Hz frequency range. The movement of particles leads to air pressure fluctuations-that is, alternating compression and rarefaction-nearby. ![]() Sounds are produced by energy waves traveling through a medium, causing particle motion in that medium. Peripheral Auditory System: How Sound Reaches the Brain ![]()
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